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The  CATHOLIC 
MIND 


No.  14 

July  22,  1914 


Published  by 

THE  AMERICA  PRESS 

59  East  83d  Street 
New  York  City 


THE  CATHOLIC  MIND 

The  Following  Numbers  Abe  Still  Obtainable: 
1903 


i.  The  Attitude  of  Modern  Protestants  To¬ 
wards  the  Virginity  of  Our  Blessed  Lady. 
_  A.  J.  Maas,  S.J. 

10,  Gallileo  Galilei  Linceo . 


1906 

16.  I.  Object  of  Federation. 

Rt.  Rev.  J.  F.  Regis  Canevin,  D.D. 
II.  Divorce.  Hon.  Daniel  J.  Kenefick. 

•4.  The  Delusion  of  Christian  Science. 


1908 

7.  Science  and  Her  Counterfeit. 

10.  Plain  Words  on  Socialism,  II. 

C.  S.  Devas,  M.A. 

11.  Catholics  and  the  Social  Movement. 

Rt.  Rev.  Mgr.  Parkinson,  D.D. 

15.  Making  of  a  Saint. 

14.  Status  and  Property  Rights  of  the  Reman 
Catholic  Church. 

16.  The  Roman  Court. 

10.  The  Genius  of  Cardinal  Wiseman. 

Wilfrid  Ward. 

•0.  The  Mass  and  the  Reformation. 

J.  Canon  Moyer. 

•S.  Revising  the  Vulgate.  Abbot  Gasquet. 


1909 

1.  Lord  Kelvin  and  the  Existence  of  God. 

H.  V.  Gill,  S.J. 

8.  Psychotherapy.  James  J.  Walsh, M.D.,  LL.D. 

6.  Socialism  and  Christianity,  II. 

Rev.  J.  F.  Hogan,  D.D. 

11,  IS,  18,  14.  Calvin's  Conversion,  I,  II,  III, 
IV.  Paul  Bernard,  in  Etudes. 

16,  16,  17,  18,  19,  20.  Catholic  Universities,  I, 
II,  III,  IV,  V,  VI.  Alfred  Braudillart 

14.  Sermon  on  Cardinal  Newman. 

Joseph  Rickaby,  S.J. 


1910 

1.  The  French  Bishops  and  the  Education 
Problem.  Chambrun. 

8.  The  Sons  of  St.  Francis. 

Herbert  Thurston,  S.J. 
4,  6,  6,  7,  8.  Catholic  Missions,  I.  II,  III, 
IV,  V.  Hilarion  Gil. 

11,  12,  13.  Calistus  III  and  Halley's  Comet,  I, 
II,  III. 

14,  16,  16.  Charles  Borromeo  Encyclical. 

16.  The  Pastor  and  Education. 

17.  Holy  Communion  for  Children. 

SO,  21.  Pius  X  on  Recent  Manifestations  of 
Modernism. 

14.  Mayor  Nathan  and  the  Pope. 


1911 

2.  Portuguese  Revolution. 

9  10.  The  Child  in  the  Home  and  the  School 
Henry  William,  Bishop  of  Auckland 


18,  14.  Protests  of  Pius  X  and  Bishops  of 
Portugal. 

16.  The  Catholic  Press.  E.  Spillane,  S.J. 

17.  English  Economists  and  Catholic  Ethics. 

Michael  Maher,  S.J. 

18.  Catholicism  at  Home  and  Abroad. 

19.  The  Early  Church  and  Communism. 

John  Rickaby,  S.J. 

20.  21.  Scotland  in  Penal  Days. 

F.  A.  Gasquet,  O.S.B. 

22.  Children’s  Early  and  Frequent  Communion. 

Joseph  Husslein,  S.J. 

1912 

1.  The  Name  “ Roman  Catholic." 

Herbert  Thurston,  S.J.,  in  The  Month. 
4.  Doctor  Lingard.  John  Gerard,  S.J. 

6,  7.  Horrors  of  Portuguese  Prisons. 

9.  Lord  Halifax  and  Anglican  Orders. 

Rt.  Rev.  Abbot- President  Gasquet,  O.S.B. 

14.  Portuguese  Missions  of  Angola. 

Rev.  C.  J.  Rooney,  C.  S.  Sp. 

17.  The  People’s  Pope.  M.  Kenny,  S.J. 

21.  22.  Conditions  in  the  Philippines. 

James  P.  Monaghan,  S.J. 

23.  Is  Catholic  Education  a  Waste  of  Time 
and  Money  t  Right  Rev.  John  G.  Gunn,  D.D. 

24.  Father  AlguS’s  Barocylonometer. 

1913 

4.  Protestantism  and  Progress. 

His  Eminence  Francis  Cardinal  Bourne. 

6.  Capital  Punishment.  John  J.  Ford,  S.J. 

7.  The  Anglican  Benedictines  of  Caldey. 

Dom  Bede  Camm,  O.S.B. 

9.  Woman  in  History. 

Right  Rev.  John  J.  Grimes,  S.M. 

10.  Revising  the  Vulgate. 

Dom  Adrian  Weld  Blundell,  O.S.B. 

11.  Early  Man.  Sir  B.  C.  A.  Windle,  F.R.S. 
14.  The  Missions  of  China.  A.Hilliard  Atteridge. 

16.  Catholicism  and  Americanism. 

Most  Rev.  John  Ireland,  D.D. 

19.  The  Mission  of  India.  A.  Hilliard  Atteridge. 

20.  Lourdes  and  Its  Miracles.  M.  Kenny,  S.J. 

23.  The  Kingdom  of  Christ.  John  Ryan,  S.J. 

24.  The  Scientific  Outlook. 

Sir  B.  C.  A.  Windle,  F.R.S. 

1914 

2,  8.  The  Church  and  the  Money-Lender. 

Henry  Irwin,  S.J. 

6.  Liberty  of  Conscience. 

Rt.  Rev.  John  E.  Gunn,  D.D. 

11.  Joy  and  Christianity. 

Right  Rev.  Paul  W.  von  Keppler. 

12.  Modern  Civilization.  Rev.  H.  E.  B.  Rope. 

13.  The  Church  and  Secular  Education. 

Peter  Finlay,  S.J. 


Tercentenary  of  St.  Teresa 

Apostolic  Letter  of  Our  Holy  Father  Pope  Pius  X. 

To  our  beloved  son  Clement  of  SS.  Faustinus  and 
Jovita,  Superior  General,  and  to  the  entire  Order  of 
Discalced  Carmelites. 

Pope  Pius  X. 

Beloved  Sons,  Health  and  the  Apostolic  Benediction. 

Since  the  time  when  We,  though  most  unworthy,  have 
been  raised  by  the  goodness  of  God  to  the  Chair  of  Peter, 
We  have  considered  it  an  important  duty  of  Our  Apos¬ 
tolic  office,  whenever  an  occasion  presented  itself  of  sol¬ 
emnly  honoring  any  children  of  the  Church  who  were 
distinguished  for  their  splendid  virtues,  their  eminent  doc¬ 
trine,  and  their  glorious  deeds,  to  avail  Ourselves  of  such 
an  opportunity  with  all  diligence.  Seeing  that  the  minds 
of  men  are  influenced  by  deeds  much  more  than  by  words, 
We  have  ever  been  convinced  that  Our  aim  of  restoring 
all  things  in  Christ  could  not  be  promoted  so  much  by 
exhortations  as  by  holding  up  the  example  of  those  who 
made  the  imitation  of  Christ  their  earnest  study  and  re¬ 
produced  in  themselves  with  admirable  fidelity  the  like¬ 
ness  of  His  holiness.  For  this  reason,  on  the  solemn  an¬ 
niversaries  of  Gregory  the  Great,  John  Chrysostom,  and 
Anselm  of  Aosta,  We  published  Letters  filled  with  their 
praises ;  and  lately  we  celebrated  in  like  manner  the  third 
centenary  of  the  canonization  of  Charles  Borromeo. 

A  solemnity  of  the  same  sort,  beloved  sons,  will  fall 
to  the  lot  of  your  renowned  Order  in  next  April,  which 

-  507 


508  TERCENTENARY  OF  ST.  TERESA 


will  be  the  300th  anniversary  of  the  Decree  of  Paul  V 
conferring  the  title  of  Blessed  on  your  Mother  and  law¬ 
giver,  Teresa.  In  a  general  assembly  of  your  Order 
lately,  it  has  been  reported  to  Us,  you  had  the  matter 
under  consideration,  and  you  are  making  diligent  prepara¬ 
tion  to  celebrate  the  anniversary  of  the  joyous  event  with 
sacred  ceremonies  and  to  offer  her  in  many  ways  marks  of 
grateful  homage.  Your  pious  intentions  have  our  hearty 
approval,  and  in  the  name  of  the  entire  Church  We  gladly 
associate  Ourselves  with  you  in  your  rejoicings.  For  the 
virgin  of  Avila  is  an  ornament  and  light  to  the  whole 
Catholic  world,  and  is  by  no  means  the  least  amongst  its 
illustrious  ones.  “The  Lord  so  filled  her  with  the  spirit 
of  wisdom  and  intellect  and  with  the  treasures  of  His 
grace,  that,  as  a  star  in  the  firmament,  her  splendor  will 
shine  in  the  house  of  God  for  all  eternity”  (Bull  of 
Canonization).  Thus  spoke  Pope  Gregory  XV  about  St. 
Teresa.  And  how  truthfully !  For  this  saintly  woman 
has  been  of  so  much  service  in  instructing  the  faithful  in 
the  way  of  salvation  that  she  would  seem  to  be  little,  if  at 
all,  beneath  these  great  Fathers  and  Doctors  of  the 
Church  whom  We  have  named. 

It  is  remarkable  how  she  was  gifted  by  nature  for  her 
heavenly  office  of  instructress  in  the  ways  of  virtue.  Her 
marvelously  keen  intellect,  her  noble  and  generous  soul, 
her  sure  judgment,  her  prudence  in  dealing  with  people 
and  in  business  affairs,  no  less  than  her  sweet  disposition 
and  pleasant  manner,  won  for  her  the  affections  of  every 
one.  But  her  natural  endowments  were  altogether 
eclipsed  by  her  supernatural  gifts.  Although  among  her 
contemporaries  were  many  persons  distinguished  for  their 
holiness  of  life  and  knowledge  of  things  divine — so  that 
that  period  may  justly  be  called  the  golden  age  of  Cath- 


TERCENTENARY  OF  ST.  TERESA  509 


olic  Spain — it  must  be  admitted  that  Teresa  combined  in 
herself  the  virtues  and  gifts  of  all  that  pious  band  whom 
she  numbered  among  her  intimate  friends  and  advisers. 

It  would  take  long,  and  we  do  not  intend,  to  describe 
the  many  excellences  of  this  illustrious  woman.  But  we 
judge  it  most  opportune  to  set  before  you,  beloved  chil¬ 
dren,  some  considerations  about  her  virtues — they  will  be 
to  you  a  source  of  profitable  meditation,  and,  through 
you,  a  source  of  instruction  to  Christians. 

In  the  first  place,  seeing  that  those  things  which  exceed 
the  compass  of  the  human  reason  and  lie  outside  the 
narrow  circle  of  nature,  are  nowadays  regarded  lightly 
by  so  many,  or  even  contemptuously  thrust  aside  as  worth¬ 
less,  it  will  be  useful  to  investigate  the  strong  faith  of 
Teresa.  Since  faith  is  “the  substance  of  things  to  be 
hoped  for,”  that  is,  the  root  (as  it  were)  of  the  divine 
heavenly  life  in  man,  and  the  foundation  on  which  the 
whole  fabric  of  Christian  perfection  is  built,  it  wins  our 
admiration  to  see  to  what  an  extent  Teresa  lived  by  faith 
and  was  guided  by  it  alone  in  all  her  counsels,  her  words, 
her  deeds.  None  showed  more  loyal  obedience  to  the 
Church,  the  mistress  of  truth ;  none  clung  to  its  doctrines 
more  unswervingly.  Not  only  was  she  unshaken  by  the 
wiles  of  heretics  and  the  deceits  of  the  devil,  but  she 
stated  in  writing  that  if  an  angel  or  a  voice  from  heaven 
should  propose  anything  to  her  belief  which  was  not  con¬ 
formable  to  the  doctrine  of  the  Church,  she  would  never 
in  any  way  believe  it.  And,  further,  we  know  that  she 
was  ready  to  face  a  thousand  deaths,  if  need  be,  in  de¬ 
fence  of  the  faith.  To  her  nothing  was  clearer  or  more 
evident  than  the  truth  of  the  Christian  dogmas;  indeed, 
the  more  inscrutable  they  were  to  human  intelligence,  the 
more  whole-heartedly  did  she  assent  to  them. 


510  TERCENTENARY  OF  ST.  TERESA 


Therefore,  when  she  approached  the  Adorable  Sacra¬ 
ment,  her  mind  seemed  absorbed  as  if  all  her  affections 
were  wrapt  in  contemplation  of  this  great  mystery.  As 
the  same  Pope  Gregory,  Our  predecessor,  says:  “She 
beheld  so  clearly  in  the  Blessed  Eucharist,  with  the  eyes 
of  her  mind,  the  Body  of  Our  Lord  Jesus  Christ,  that  she 
asserted  that  she  was  not  in  the  least  envious  of  those 
who  beheld  Our  Lord  with  the  eyes  of  the  body”  (Bull 
of  Canonization).  In  reward  for  her  faith  it  was  granted 
to  her,  as  far  as  it  is  possible  to  the  human  mind  in  this 
mortal  life,  both  to  penetrate  the  secrets  of  God,  even 
the  profoundest  and  those  most  removed  from  human 
perception  and  intelligence,  and  to  interpret  and  explain 
them  with  ease.  And  in  this  respect  it  seemed  to  those 
whom  she  chose  as  her  spiritual  directors  that  she  might 
reasonably  be  compared  to  Moses  who  was  privileged  to 
enjoy  the  presence  and  conversation  of  God. 

Who  has  not  heard  how  ardently  she  longed  to  share 
this  gift  of  faith  with  those  who  had  it  not?  While  still 
only  a  child,  she  conceived  the  design  and  formed  plans 
for  crossing  to  Africa,  to  give  to  those  savage  peoples 
“the  Christ  or  her  blood”  (Brev.  Hymn).  Being 
thwarted  in  her  intention,  she  wept  for  the  pitiable  con¬ 
dition  of  pagans  and  heretics  all  her  life  long,  and  was 
filled  with  holy  envy  of  those  who  led  men  back  from  the 
darkness  of  error  and  sin  to  the  light  of  truth  and  holi¬ 
ness.  Hindered  by  her  sex  and  condition  of  life  from 
taking  part  in  apostolic  labor,  she  put  on  the  spirit  of 
Elias,  and  undertook  what  is  called  the  apostleship  of 
prayer  and  penance.  To  this  end,  since  she  was  unable 
to  join  in  the  work  of  spreading  the  faith,  she  set  herself 
to  practise  the  evangelical  counsels  with  all  her  might, 
convinced  that  the  more  she  advanced  in  holiness  the 


TERCENTENARY  OF  ST.  TERESA  511 


more  acceptable  to  God  would  be  her  prayers  for  the 
spread  of  Christianity  and  the  salvation  of  souls.  Finally, 
her  desire  of  defending  the  Christian  Doctrine  and  mak¬ 
ing  it  known  may  be  gathered  from  the  importance  which 
she  attached  to  the  Catechism ;  there  was  no  book  which 
she  wished  her  daughters  to  take  up  more  frequently  or 
read  more  diligently. 

Another  of  the  chief  glories  of  Teresa,  which  deserves 
particular  mention  because  it  is  so  opposed  to  the  spirit 
of  the  age,  was  her  singular  love  for  her  Lord  Jesus.  It 
is  regrettable  that  men  have  blotted  out  of  memory  the 
answer  which  Christ  gave  to  His  apostles  when  they  in¬ 
quired  the  way  that  would  lead  them  to  God ;  Christ  re¬ 
plied:  “I  am  the  way  and  the  truth  and  the  life.  No 
man  cometh  to  the  Father,  but  by  Me”  (John  XIV,  6). 
How  completely  this  was  forgotten  by  those  who  were 
called  Quietists,  and  by  some  innovators  of  that  sect ! 
But  it  was  deeply  impressed  on  the  mind  and  soul  of  this 
holy  virgin.  Therefore,  whatever  benefits  she  received 
from  God,  she  attributed  them  to  Christ ;  whatever  good 
she  sought  from  God,  she  sought  it  from  Christ.  She 
made  Christ  her  sole  Master  by  Whom  to  regulate  her 
daily  actions,  her  sole  Guide  to  lead  her  up  the  heights 
of  divine  contemplation.  All  who  entertained  the  like 
feelings  towards  Christ,  she  called  most  happy ;  all  others 
she  regarded  as  most  wretched,  because  of  their  want  of 
faith.  And  her  manner  of  life  accorded  well  with  her 
sentiments;  for  the  one  object  of  her  endeavors  was  to 
order  her  life  after  the  example  of  Jesus  Christ,  and  by 
imitating  Him  to  engrave  His  image  more  and  more  on 
her  soul  so  that  she  might  truly  say  with  the  Apostle: 
“To  me,  to  live  is  Christ;  and  to  die  is  gain”  '(Philip 
1,21). 


512  TERCENTENARY  OF  ST.  TERESA 


Having  such  a  Master  for  her  rule  of  life,  she  learned 
promptly  to  forsake  the  things  of  earth,  and  with  earnest¬ 
ness  to  purify  her  soul  from  even  slight  blemishes  and 
adorn  it  with  virtue.  Thus  she  steadily  progressed  until 
she  was  so  fashioned  after  the  image  of  her  Lord  that 
whatever  hardships,  cares,  and  sorrows  He  suffered  while 
on  earth,  and  whatever  joys  and  consolations  were  His, 
all  these  Teresa  likewise  experienced  by  the  force  of  that 
love  which  so  intimately  united  her  to  Him.  And  since 
it  is  an  effect  of  charity  that,  while  it  inflames  the  soul, 
it  at  the  same  time  quickens  and  enlightens  the  mind. 
Teresa  was  so  far  favored  by  God  that  she  not  only 
beheld  the  abundant  and  most  perfect  virtue  of  the  Christ 
Man,  but  she  was  admitted  by  contemplation  to  the  in¬ 
most  mysteries  of  the  Word  of  God ;  still  more,  she  was 
made  worthy  to  have  disclosed  to  her  not  a  few  of  the 
secrets  of  the  Adorable  Trinity,  and  to  be  addressed  by 
the  Son  of  God  with  the  words :  “Henceforth  thou  shalt, 
like  a  true  spouse,  be  zealous  for  My  honor;  for  now  I 
am  all  thine,  and  thou  art  all  Mine.” 

How  faithful  she  was  to  the  obligations  of  this  com¬ 
pact  there  is  no  need  to  say.  Until  this  time  she  had 
indeed  disregarded  self  and  ever  aimed  at  advancing  the 
interests  of  Christ,  but  from  now  until  her  death  she 
lived  wholly  and  entirely  for  Christ.  We  would  direct 
special  attention  to  the  way  in  which  her  desire  for  pro¬ 
moting  the  greater  glory  of  her  Spouse  influenced  her 
attitude  towards  two  things,  the  greatest  that  the  infinite 
love  of  Jesus  conceived,  and  which  ought  to  be  most  dear 
to  the  heart  of  everyone,  since  He  instituted  the  one  as 
His  last  gift  to  man  and  the  other  when  expiring  on  the 
Cross — we  mean  the  Blessed  Eucharist  and  the  Church. 

Who  has  ever  praised  more  grandly  than  she  did  the 


TERCENTENARY  OF  ST.  TERESA  513 


wisdom  and  goodness  of  God  in  instituting  this  Sacra¬ 
ment,  in  which  He  accommodated  Himself  marvelously 
to  our  littleness  and  gave  expression  to  His  love,  and  or¬ 
dained  for  ever  the  Sacrifice  by  which  He  ransomed  the 
human  race?  Who  hungered  after  this  Bread  of  Angels 
so  insatiably?  For  at  a  time  when  even  pious  souls  did 
not  approach  the  Holy  Table  frequently,  Teresa  ap¬ 
proached  it  daily,  and  with  such  eagerness  that  it  seemed 
as  if  not  even  armed  men  could  restrain  her  from  partak¬ 
ing  of  the  Sacred  Banquet.  Who  was  more  sadly  grieved 
than  she  to  behold  men’s  indifference  and  irreverence  to¬ 
wards  this  Sacrament?  Who  was  more  zealous  in  aton¬ 
ing  for  the  injuries  offered  to  this  mystery  of  immense 
love  ?  And  she  unceasingly  urged  her  daughters  likewise 
to  make  fervent  reparation.  On  one  occasion,  unable  to 
bear  the  torture  which  racked  her,  she  earnestly  besought 
God  either  to  end  at  once  the  shameful  wickedness  of 
these  ungrateful  men  or  to  destroy  the  earth  altogether. 

And  then,  too,  see  her  love  for  the  Church,  the  Mother 
of  all  Christians !  She  used  to  say  that  no  one  can  really 
love  God  without  being  as  zealous  for  the  spread  of 
Christ’s  Church  as  for  the  glory  of  Christ  Himself.  What 
staunch  loyalty  she  showed  in  all  matters  to  that  Church 
of  which  she  was  so  devoted  a  daughter!  And  how 
lavishly  she  extolled  the  authority  given  to  the  Church  by 
Christ  its  Founder !  Indeed,  the  high  estimation  in  which 
she — a  woman  so  endowed  with  the  gifts  of  the  Holy 
Ghost,  and  enjoying  such  familiar  friendship  with  God — 
held  those  instruments  of  Divine  grace  called  sacra- 
mentals,  may  appear  to  superficial  minds  to  have  been 
excessive;  and  it  is  certainly  astonishing  that  she  ex¬ 
pressed  her  willingness  to  undergo  a  thousand  deaths  on 
behalf  of  these  or  the  least  of  the  rites  of  holy  Church. 


514  TERCENTENARY  OF  ST.  TERESA 


Again,  it  did  not  escape  her  discerning  judgment  and 
heavenly  wisdom  that  the  prosperity  or  adversity  of  the 
Church  depends  in  large  part  on  its  ministers’  holiness  of 
life  and  that  much  more  is  accomplished  for  the  salva¬ 
tion  of  souls  by  one  priest  who  lives  up  to  the  obligations 
of  his  high  office  than  by  a  large  number  of  indifferent 
priests.  Therefore,  while  she  pours  out  tears  at  behold¬ 
ing  the  Church  buffeted  by  violent  storms  and  so  many 
souls  rushing  to  eternal  perdition,  she  at  the  same  time 
tries  to  win  from  God  by  her  austerity  of  life,  manifold 
bodily  chastisements,  and  humble,  persevering  prayer  that 
the  Church  shall  have  an  abundant  supply  of  priests  well 
disciplined  in  learning  and  the  virtues  befitting  their 
state,  and  while  they  labor  for  the  salvation  of  others 
that  they  may  not  imperil  their  own. 

Teresa,  however,  was  not  content  to  work  for  this 
object  singlehandedly.  Since  it  is  the  nature  of  charity 
to  spread  its  beneficent  power  to  as  many  others  as 
possible,  she  gathered  others  around  her  to  be  her  helpers 
and  to  transmit  to  them  her  zeal  and  mode  of  life.  “Hav¬ 
ing  effectually  conquered  the  flesh  by  perpetual  virginity, 
and  the  world  by  remarkable  humility,  and  the  snares 
of  the  devil  by  her  many  excellent  virtues,  she  then 
roused  herself  to  higher  achievements,  and  putting  off 
the  weakness  of  her  sex  by  force  of  her  noble  mind,  she 
girded  about  her  loins  with  strength,  and  strengthened 
her  arm,  and  enrolled  an  army  of  brave  souls  who  would 
wage  holy  combat  for  the  house  of  the  God  of  Sabaoth 
and  His  law  and  commandments”  (Bull  of  Canonization). 
Spurred  on  by  the  double  spirit  of  Elias,  and  divinely 
leagued  with  your  holy  father  St.  John,  she  undertook  to 
bring  back  the  illustrious  Order  of  which  she  was  a  mem¬ 
ber  to  its  primitive  rigor.  A  mighty  task,  surely,  and 


V 


TERCENTENARY  OF  ST.  TERESA  515 
-  - -  1  '  "  ■  '  — 

one  of  no  easy  achievement!  Yet,  as  it  is  well  known, 
she  speedily  brought  her  design  to  a  happy  consumma¬ 
tion.  Thus  it  came  to  pass,  chiefly  through  the  exertions 
of  Teresa,  that  the  world  of  that  time  was  afforded  the 
astonishing  spectacle  of  an  immense  number  of  persons 
who,  withdrawing  themselves  from  the  busy  world  and 
entering  into  the  service  of  God,  emulated  the  ancient 
anchorites  of  Mount  Carmel  and  the  Thebaid  by  a  manner 
of  life  most  rigorous  in  its  discipline,  but  tempered  by 
all  the  sweetness  of  heavenly  contemplation ;  and  whatever 
their  contemplation  taught  them  which  would  be  service¬ 
able  in  leading  souls  to  eternal  life,  all  this  they  shared 
with  others  either  by  that  apostleship  of  penance  and 
prayer  of  which  We  have  spoken  or  by  diligent  discharge 
of  the  sacred  ministry.  It  has  long  been  known  to  Us 
that  you,  beloved  sons,  still  uphold  those  high  ideals  which 
have  been  handed  down  to  you,  and  have  not  relaxed 
from  the  spirit  of  St.  Teresa;  for  We  have  had  intimate 
personal  acquaintance  with  your  Order  for  a  very  long 
time.  And  We  now  seize  the  opportunity  afforded  Us  of 
giving  public  expression  to  the  good  will  We  deservedly 
entertain  for  both  the  sons  and  daughters  of  your  great 
Mother.  Sufficient  praise,  indeed,  can  never  be  given  to 
the  manner  of  life  embraced  by  those  young  women  who 
exchange  the  wealth,  renown,  and  pleasures  of  the  world 
for  the  simplicity  of  the  Cross,  and  shutting  themselves 
up  in  the  silence  of  holy  retirement,  are  consumed  with 
the  fire  of  charity,  pleasing  victims  to  God  on  the  altar  of 
Christian  penance ;  there  day  and  night  they  unceasingly 
make  intercession  for  that  world  which  knows  them  not. 
Equally  estimable  is  the  life  of  the  friars,  who  are  not  so 
much  occupied  in  divine  contemplation  as  to  take  no 
share  in  the  active  life,  but  attend  to  both  in  due  order, 


516  TERCENTENARY  OF  ST.  TERESA 


and,  gathering  the  good  odor  of  Christ  within  the  cloister 
by  training  themselves  in  virtue,  spread  it  around  them 
outside  for  the  benefit  of  others.  Therefore,  beloved 
children,  strive  not  only  to  hold  fast  to  the  alliance  of 
contemplation  and  action  marked  out  by  your  predeces¬ 
sors,  but  make  it  flourish  and  grow  vigorous  among  you. 
For  in  these  days  more  than  ever  the  Church  has  need 
of  sacred  ministers  who  will  combine  close  union  with 
God  with  active  love  for  men — priests  such  as  your  holy 
Mother  Teresa  so  desirously  longed  for. 

Lastly,  since  the  yearning  for  novelties,  which  is  in 
evidence  more  than  ever  to-day,  has  invaded  even  the 
field  of  ascetical  and  mystical  theology,  all  must  see  the 
importance  of  jealously  guarding  St.  Teresa’s  teaching 
in  both  these  spheres.  For  “God  Almighty  so  filled  her 
with  the  spirit  of  understanding  that  she  not  only  be¬ 
queathed  to  the  Church  the  example  of  her  good  works, 
but  she  bedewed  it  with  the  heavenly  wisdom  of  her 
treatises  on  mystical  theology  and  other  pious  writings” 
(Bull  of  Canonization).  Whoever  wishes  to  lead  a  life 
of  holiness,  let  him  but  study  these,  and  he  will  have  need 
of  no  others.  For  in  them  this  renowned  mistress  of 
piety  points  out  a  safe  path  of  Christian  life  from  its  in¬ 
ception  up  to  the  consummation  and  perfection  of  virtue ; 
she  sets  down  accurately  the  ways  best  suited  for  cor¬ 
recting  vicious  habits,  quelling  boisterous  passions,  and 
effacing  the  defilements  of  sin ;  and  she  puts  before  the 
reader  every  enticement  to  virtue.  And  in  explaining  all 
these  matters,  she  at  once  shows  her  admirable  knowledge 
of  things  Divine,  and  gives  proof  of  her  intimate  acquaint¬ 
ance  with  the  nature  of  the  human  soul,  its  recesses,  and 
its  inner  workings.  In  this  great  knowledge  of  human 
infirmity,  which  inclined  her  tender  heart  so  exceedingly 


TERCENTENARY  OF  ST.  TERESA  51? 


to  mercy,  and  still  more  in  the  ardor  of  her  charity,  is 
to  be  sought  her  characteristic  strength  of  prayer  and 
gentleness  of  manner,  which  exert  such  wonderful  in¬ 
fluence  on  men’s  minds.  As  Our  predecessor,  Leo  XIII, 
of  happy  memory,  speaking  of  St.  Teresa’s  writings,  says 
beautifully:  “They  have  a  force,  more  heavenly  than 
human,  which  rouses  one  marvelously  to  a  better  life, 
so  that  their  reading  is  most  profitable  not  alone  to  those 
engaged  in  the  direction  of  souls  and  those  who  tread 
the  highest  paths  of  virtue,  but  also  to  everyone  who  is 
at  all  concerned  about  the  duties  and  virtues  of  Christian 
life — in  other  words,  who  is  anxious  about  his  salvation” 
(Letter  to  Fr.  Bouix,  S.J.,  17th  March,  1883).  As  re¬ 
gards  mystical  theology,  Teresa  discourses  about  those 
higher  regions  (as  it  were)  of  the  spiritual  life  with  such 
ease  that  there  she  seems  to  be  in  her  proper  sphere. 
There  is  not  one  secret  of  that  life  which  she  does  not 
penetrate  and  disclose  to  us.  Advancing  through  all  the 
degrees  of  contemplation,  she  reaches  such  sublime 
heights  as  are  inaccessible  to  all  except  those  who  have 
experienced  and  are  acquainted  with  the  divinest  affec¬ 
tions  of  the  soul.  Yet  she  says  not  one  word  which  con¬ 
flicts  with  exact  Catholic  theology ;  and  she  sets  out  every¬ 
thing  with  such  facility  and  clearness  that  the  most  dis¬ 
tinguished  doctors  of  her  day  were  astonished  to  find  the 
mystical  theology  which  was  vaguely  taught  by  the 
Fathers  of  the  Church  here  and  there  through  their 
works,  gathered  together  by  this  saintly  woman  and  ar¬ 
ranged  systematically.  For  our  own  part,  when  We  re¬ 
view  the  errors  which  are  so  prevalent  in  these  matters  at 
the  present  day,  We  consider  specially  important  not  only 
the  accuracy  with  which  Teresa,  when  describing  the 
mystical  motions  of  the  soul,  distinguishes  between  the 


518  TERCENTENARY  OF  ST.  TERESA 


human  element  and  the  divine,  and  marks  off  precisely 
the  functions  of  the  intellect  from  those  of  the  will,  but 
also  her  insistence  on  the  need  of  these  motions  being  ac¬ 
companied  by  the  exercise  of  all  the  virtues.  Her  teach¬ 
ing  is  that  the  several  degrees  of  prayer  are  so  many 
steps  up  the  ascent  of  Christian  perfection ;  that  a  man’s 
progress  in  prayer  is  chiefly  discernible  in  a  more  faithful 
discharge  of  his  duties  and  increased  zeal  in  sanctifying 
his  life;  finally,  that  the  more  one  is  joined  in  mystical 
union  with  God,  the  more  fervent  becomes  his  love  for 

his  neighbor  and  his  solicitude  for  the  welfare  of  souls. 

•  \ 

Whoever  will  reflect  on  these  teachings  of  St.  Teresa  will 
come  to  understand  how  deservedly  writers  on  these  diffi¬ 
cult  subjects  have  acknowledged  her  as  a  master  and 
have  followed  her  guidance,  and  furthermore,  with  what 
justice  the  Church  pays  to  this  virgin  the  honors  given  to 
Doctors,  and  in  the  liturgy  prays  God  “that  we  may  be 
nourished  by  the  food  of  her  heavenly  doctrine  and  in¬ 
structed  by  the  ardor  of  her  tender  piety.”  Would  that 
those  who  now  write  about  what  they  call  mystical  psy¬ 
chology  would  make  up  their  minds  to  follow  in  the  foot¬ 
steps  of  this  great  mistress ! 

We  have  here,  beloved  children,  touched  on  the  prin¬ 
cipal  things  that  redound  to  the  glory  of  St.  Teresa.  When 
published  broadcast  by  you,  they  should  help  much  to 
increase  devotion  to  her  among  the  people  and  to  add 
distinction  to  the  pious  celebrations  you  are  about  to 
hold.  For  it  is  much  to  be  desired  that  St.  Teresa  should 
be  known  and  esteemed  among  all  devout  people — she 
who,  as  is  clear  from  what  we  have  written,  “shone  as 
a  brilliant  star  in  Carmel,  and  adorned  the  Catholic 
Church  by  the  virtues  of  her  angelic  life,  her  writings  of 
heavenly  wisdom,  and  her  numerous  children  who  so 


TERCENTENARY  OF  ST.  TERESA  519 


faithfully  follow  the  example  left  them  by  their  great 
mother  and  mistress”  (Letter  of  Leo  XIII  to  the  Bishop 
of  Salamanca).  ■ 

In  order  that  both  you  and  others  may  reap  greater 
benefit  from  the  coming  celebrations,  We  grant  a  plenary 
indulgence  from  their  sins,  to  be  gained  four  times  dur¬ 
ing  the  present  year,  1914,  to  all  who  shall  fulfil  the  usual 
conditions  imposed  by  the  Church,  and  shall  visit  either 
individually,  or  in  procession,  any  one  of  the  following 
churches:  either  the  Carmelite  church  at  Avila,  in  the 
place  of  St.  Teresa’s  birth;  or  that  of  the  Discalced 
Carmelites  at  Avila,  where  she  began  the  reform  of  the 
Order ;  or  that  of  the  Calced  Carmelites  at  Avila,  where 
she  lived  for  so  long  a  time ;  or  that  of  the  Discalced 
Carmelites  at  Alba,  where  her  holy  body  rests. 

We  further  grant  a  Plenary  Indulgence,  to  be  gained 
once  only,  to  all  who  shall  visit  any  church  or  public  or 
semi-public  oratory  of  the  first,  second,  or  third  Order 
of  Carmelites  during  the  time  that  the  triduu-m  or  novena 
is  being  held  in  these  churches  or  oratories. 

Meanwhile,  in  token  of  heavenly  favors,  and  in  wit¬ 
ness  of  our  good-will,  We  most  lovingly  impart  to  you, 
beloved  Son,  and  to  all  the  children  of  St.  Teresa,  Our 
Apostolic  Benediction. 

Given  at  St.  Peter’s,  Rome,  on  the  7th  of  March,  the 
Feast  of  St.  Thomas  Aquinas,  in  the  year  1914,  the 
eleventh  of  Our  Pontificate.  Pope  Pius  X. 

II 

An  Address  of  the  Holy  Father 

[The  Allocution  pronounced  by  His  Holiness  in  the 
secret  Consistory  of  May  25th,  1914,  when  fourteen 
new  cardinals  were  created :] 


520  ADDRESS  OF  THE  HOLY  FATHER 


Venerable  Brothers : 

Not  much  time  has  passed  since  last  We  spoke  to 
you,  Venerable  Brothers,  met  together  in  Sacred  Con¬ 
sistory.  Still  in  this  brief  interval  there  have  passed 
away,  one  after  the  other,  not  a  few  members  of  the 
Sacred  College,  many  of  whom  Our  eyes  still  look  for 
in  their  wonted  posts.  While,  however,  We  grieve  for 
the  loss  of  men  deservedly  most  dear  to  Us,  it  may  be 
said  that  We  grieve  rather  for  Ourselves  than  for  them ; 
for  they  have  gone  where,  as  We  hope,  they  already 
enjoy  in  eternal  beatitude  the  reward  of  their  holy  lives 
consecrated  to  the  good  of  the  Church,  while  We,  de¬ 
prived  of  their,  aid  and  untiring  work,  are  still  amid  the 
storms  of  life.  Wherefore,  We  have  called  you  together, 
Venerable  Brothers,  not  only  to  provide  for  the  churches 
deprived  of  their  pastors,  but  also  to  fill  the  seats  vacant 
in  your  College,  as  it  is  most  right  to  give  companions 
and  helpers  in  bearing  the  weight  of  your  charge  to  you 
who  strive  so  diligently  to  render  less  heavy  Our  Apos¬ 
tolic  Office.  And  it  is  all  the  more  right,  inasmuch  as, 
if  We  look  at  the  course  of  events,  We  see  continuing 
for  the  Church  days  of  exceeding  trouble,  for  pernicious 
doctrines  are  creeping  everywhere,  corrupting  the  faith 
and  customs  of  the  Christian  people,  and  We  are  daily 
constrained  to  undergo  the  attacks  of  men  who  decry 
the  supreme  dominion  of  God  and  drive  religion  out 
of  civil  society.  Nevertheless,  by  the  Grace  of  God 
most  merciful,  there  are  not  wanting  to  Us  timely  com¬ 
forts:  as  in  the  year  just  passed,  when  was  celebrated 
the  centenary  of  the  Edict  of  Constantine  the  Great,  by 
which  the  Church  after  so  many  trials  and  agonies 
breathed  again  and  began  to  enjoy  in  peace  the  benefits 
of  liberty.  We  had,  indeed,  reason  to  rejoice  in  the 


ADDRESS  OF  THE  HOLY  FATHER  521 


religious  manifestations  celebrated  so  magnificently  and 
with  such  a  concourse  of  people,  by  which  the  Catholic 
world  boldly  proclaimed  its  faith  and  seemed,  by  raising 
up  in  its  hands  the  Cross  of  Christ,  to  wish  to  show  it  to 
the  troubled  human  race  as  the  one  fount  of  peace  and 
safety.  To-day  more  than  ever  they  seek  for  peace,  and, 
indeed,  We  see  classes  of  citizens,  races,  nations  fighting 
among  themselves,  and  from  the  enmities  ever  becoming 
more  intense  among  them  We  see  break  out  of  a  sudden 
fearful  wars.  True,  there  are  clever  and  distinguished 
statesmen  who  put  before  themselves  the  good  of  nations, 
and,  indeed,  of  human  society,  and  seek  by  common 
agreement  for  the  means  of  arresting  the  harm  that 
comes  from  the  strife  of  classes  and  the  slaughters  of 
war,  and  of  securing  within  and  without  their  borders 
the  benefits  of  peace.  These,  without  doubt,  are  excel¬ 
lent  endeavors,  but  their  counsels  will  bear  little  fruit 
unless  at  the  same  time  they  can  ensure  that  the  precepts 
of  justice  and  Christian  charity  are  deeply  rooted  in 
souls.  To-day  peace  or  war  in  society  and  in  the  State 
do  not  depend  so  much  on  the  governors  as  on  the  mul¬ 
titudes.  Deprived  of  the  light  of  truth  revealed  by  God, 
unused  to  the  discipline  of  the  laws  of  Christ,  what  won¬ 
der  if  the  multitudes,  the  prey  of  blind  passions,  rush  to 
their  common  ruin,  instigated  by  clever  agitators  who 
seek  nothing  but  their  own  advantage?  Yet  with  the 
Church  constituted  by  its  Divine  Founder,  mistress  of 
truth,  guardian  of  justice  and  charity,  alone  and  above 
all  other  things  able  to  lead  men  to  their  common  salva¬ 
tion,  would  it  not  be  a  work  of  civil  wisdom  on  the  part 
of  rulers,  not  only  to  allow  it  to  exercise  its  mission 
freely  and  without  hindrance,  but  also  to  give  it  every 
assistance?  And  yet  it  is  the  opposite  that  happens,  for 


522  ADDRESS  OF  THE  HOLY  FATHER 


generally  the  Church  is  treated,  not  as  the  creator  and 
parent  of  all  that  forms  the  essence  of  civilization,  but 
almost  as  if  it  must  be  regarded  as  the  enemy  of  the 
human  race.  Still  this  should  not  disquiet  Us ;  from  the 
example  of  Christ  We  know  that  the  Church  is  destined 
to  do  so  much  good  as  it  receives  injuries  in  return,  as, 
too,  we  know  well  that  never,  even  in  its  greatest  tribula¬ 
tions,  can  the  Divine  help  fail  it,  and  of  that  We  have 
Christ  Himself  as  sponsor  and  history  as  witness.  It  is 
exactly  a  hundred  years  since  Rome  in  triumph,  amid 
the  joy  of  the  whole  world,  received  its  Pontiff  freed 
from  the  insults  of  a  long  captivity.  All  could  then  ad¬ 
mire  the  constancy  of  the  holy,  aged  Pontiff,  as  if 
crowned  with  the  aureole  of  martyrdom,  who,  alone,  had 
resisted  and  overcome  the  arrogance  of  the  all-powerful 
autocrat.  But  far  greater  marvel  was  the  fact,  which 
could  not  be  seen  most  clearly  at  that  time,  of  that  aid 
which  Christ  Himself  had  promised  for  ever  to  His 
Spouse ;  for  Pius  VII  would  never  have  come  through 
such  adversities  had  not  the  Divine  Preserver  of  the 
Church  freed  him,  contrary  to  the  expectation  of  all. 
But  to  return.  We  have  decided,  therefore,  to  elevate  to 
the  honor  of  your  College,  Venerable  Brothers,  several 
illustrious  personages,  who  in  the  Episcopal  Office,  or  in 
the  Offices  of  the  Church  in  Rome,  or  in  other  fields, 
have  borne  their  charge  in  a  way  worthy  of  Our  highest 
approbation.  They  are : 

Antonius  Mendez  Bello,  Patriarch  of  Lisbon,  whom 
We  created  Cardinal  of  Holy  Roman  Church  and  re¬ 
served  in  pectore  in  the  Consistory  of  November  27,  1911. 

Victorianus  Guisasola  y  Menendez,  Archbishop  of 
Toledo. 

Ludovicus  Nazarius  Begin,  Archbishop  of  Quebec. 


ADDRESS  OF  THE  HOLY  FATHER  523 


Dominicus  Serafini,  Titular  Archbishop  of  Seleucia, 
Assessor  of  the  Holy  Office. 

Jacobus  della  Chiesa,  Archbishop  of  Bologna. 

Franciscus  de  Bettinger,  Archbishop  of  Munich  and 
Freising. 

Joannes  Csemoch,  Archbishop  of  Strigonia. 

Hector  Irenaeus  Sevin,  Archbishop  of  Lyons. 

Felix  de  Hartmann,  Archbishop  of  Cologne. 

Gustavus  Piffl,  Archbishop  of  Vienna. 

Scipio  Tecchi,  Assessor  of  the  S.  Consistorial  Con¬ 
gregation. 

Philippus  Giustini,  Secretary  of  the  S.  Congregation 
of  the  Sacraments. 

Michael  Lega,  Dean  of  the  Auditors  of  the  S.  R.  Rota. 

Aidanus  Gasquet,  President  of  the  English  Congrega¬ 
tion  of  the  Benedictines. 

[To  the  address  that  His  Eminence  Cardinal  Begin, 
Archbishop  of  Quebec,  later  delivered  in  his  own  name 
and  on  behalf  of  his  colleagues,  the  Holy  Father  re¬ 
plied:] 

The  heavy  grief  felt  for  the  loss  of  so  many  excellent 
Cardinals  since  the  Consistory  of  1911  has  been  in  some 
degree  tempered  by  the  comfort  of  being  able  to  fill  the 
void,  enrolling  you,  my  beloved  sons,  last  Monday  in  the 
Sacred  College.  The  prerogatives  of  piety,  doctrine  and 
zeal  which  distinguish  you,  and  above  all  the  devotion 
which  you  profess  to  the  Holy  Apostolic  See,  are  an 
assurance  to  me  that  you  will  give  me  valid  aid  in  main¬ 
taining  intact  the  deposit  of  the  Faith,  in  preserving 
ecclesiastical  discipline,  and  in  resisting  the  insidious  at¬ 
tacks  made  on  the  Church,  not  so  much  by  open  enemies, 
but  more  particularly  by  its  own  children.  To  the  in¬ 
domitable  firmness  of  our  fathers,  to  their  unceasing 


524  ADDRESS  OF  THE  HOLY  FATHER 


watchfulness,  to  their  jealous  care  and  their,  I  would 
almost  say,  virginal  delicacy  in  matters  of  doctrine,  is 
due  the  triumph  of  the  Church  through  all  perils  and  all 
attacks  brought  against  it  in  the  course  of  centuries ;  but 
never,  perhaps,  at  any  time  was  it  so  necessary  to  watch 
this  sacred  deposit,  that  its  integrity  and  purity  may  be 
maintained.  We  are  unfortunately  living  in  a  time  when 
certain  ideas  of  conciliation  of  the  Faith  with  the  modem 
spirit  are  looked  on  with  favor  and  readily  adopted — 
ideas  which  lead  much  farther  than  men  think,  not  only 
to  the  enfeebling,  but  to  the  total  loss  of  the  Faith.  No 
longer  to-day  is  any  surprise  felt  at  hearing  men  play 
with  the  vague  phrases  of  modern  aspirations,  the  force 
of  progress  and  civilization,  affirming  the  existence  of  a 
lay  conscience,  a  political  conscience  opposed  to  the  con¬ 
science  of  the  Church,  against  which  they  claim  the  right 
and  duty  to  react,  to  correct  it,  to  bring  it  into  the  right 
path.  It  is  no  new  thing  this,  that  is  seen  in  men  who 
put  forward  doubts  and  uncertainties  about  the  truths, 
and  even  obstinate  affirmations  about  manifest  errors  a 
hundred  times  condemned,  and  who,  this  notwithstanding, 
persuade  themselves  that  they  have  never  left  the 
Church,  because  once  they  followed  Christian  practices. 
Ah !  How  many  sailors,  how  many  pilots,  and — which 
God  forbid — how  many  captains,  putting  their  trust  in 
the  profane  novelties  and  in  lying  science  of  the  time, 
instead  of  arriving  in  harbor  have  suffered  shipwreck ! 

Amid  such  dangers  I  have  not  failed  on  every  occasion 
to  make  my  voice  heard,  to  recall  the  erring,  to  point  out 
the  evils,  to  trace  the  road  for  Catholics  to  follow.  But 
my  words,  however  clear  and  distinct,  have  not  always 
been  well  understood  and  interpreted.  Indeed,  not  a  few, 
following  the  evil  example  of  the  enemy  who  sows  tares 


ADDRESS  OF  THE  HOLY  FATHER  525 


in  the  field  of  the  Lord  to  bring  into  it  confusion  and 
disorder,  have  not  hesitated  to  give  arbitrary  interpreta¬ 
tions  to  them,  attributing  to  them  a  meaning  quite  con¬ 
trary  to  that  desired  by  the  Pope  and  taking  his  prudent 
silence  for  sanction. 

Realizing  these  unhappy  facts  I  have  indeed  need  of 
the  strong  and  efficacious  help  of  your  work,  my  beloved 
sons,  both  in  the  various  dioceses  to  which  you  are  re¬ 
turning  with  Papal  dispensation  and  in  the  Roman  Curia 
and  Congregations,  that,  by  the  dignity  to  which  you  are 
raised,  united  to  the  Pope  in  mind  and  heart,  you  may  be 
among  the  first  defenders  of  sound  doctrine,  the  first 
teachers  of  the  truth,  heralds  of  the  true  wishes  of  the 
Pope.  Preach  to  all,  but  especially  to  ecclesiastics  and 
other  religious,  that  there  is  nothing  so  displeasing  to 
Our  Lord  Jesus  Christ,  and  therefore  to  His  Vicar,  as 
discord  in  matter  of  doctrine,  for  by  disunion  and  strife 
Satan  ever  triumphs  and  gains  dominion  over  the  re¬ 
deemed.  In  order  to  preserve  union  in  integrity  of  doc¬ 
trine  warn  priests  especially  against  associating  with  per¬ 
sons  whose  faith  is  suspect,  and  against  reading  books 
and  journals — I  do  not  say  the  worst,  which  every  honest 
man  shuns — but  also  those  which  are  not  entirely  ap¬ 
proved  by  the  Church,  for  the  air  breathed  there  is 
deadly  and  one  can  not  touch  pitch  and  not  be  defiled.  If 
ever  you  meet  such  as  boast  themselves  believers,  devoted 
to  the  Pope,  and  wish  to  be  Catholics,  but  would  think  it 
the  greatest  insult  to  be  called  clericals,  say  to  them  sol¬ 
emnly  that  devoted  children  of  the  Pope  are  those  who 
obey  his  word  and  follow  him  in  all  things,  and  not  those 
who  seek  a  way  to  evade  his  orders  or  to  constrain  him, 
with  an  insistence  worthy  of  a  better  cause,  to  exemp¬ 
tions  or  dispensations  all  the  more  calamitous  for  the 


526  ADDRESS  OF  THE  HOLY  FATHER 


harm  and  scandal  they  cause.  Never  tire  of  repeating 
that,  if  the  Pope  loves  and  approves  Catholic  associa¬ 
tions  which  have  material  well-being  also  as  their  object, 
he  has  ever  taught  that  moral  and  religious  well-being 
must  have  prevalence  in  them,  and  that  with  the  just  and 
praiseworthy  intent  of  bettering  the  lot  of  the  laborer  in 
town  and  country  must  be  always  united  the  love  of  jus¬ 
tice  and  the  use  of  legitimate  means  to  maintain  harmony 
and  peace  among  the  different  classes  of  society.  Say 
clearly  that  mixed  associations,  alliances  with  non-Cath- 
olics  for  material  well-being,  are  permitted  on  certain 
determined  conditions,  but  that  the  Pope  loves  first  those 
unions  of  the  faithful  which  put  aside  all  human  regard, 
shut  their  ears  to  every  contrary  seduction  or  threat,  and 
close  round  that  banner  which  in  spite  of  all  the  attacks 
made  on  it  is  still  the  most  splendid  and  glorious,  for  it 
is  the  banner  of  the  Church. 

This  is  the  field,  my  beloved  sons,  in  which  you  must 
exercise  your  activity  and  zeal.  But,  as  our  labors  are 
of  no  avail  unless  the  blessing  of  Heaven  is  on  them,  let 
us  pray  Our  Lord  Jesus  Christ,  Who  called  into  being 
and  sealed  with  His  blood  the  universal  brotherhood  of 
the  human  race,  and  gathered  together  as  into  one  sole 
family  all  those  who  should  believe  in  Him,  that  He  may 
harmonize  for  our  work  the  minds  and  wills  of  all  with 
such  perfection  of  concord  that  all  the  children  of  the 
Church  may  be  one  only  thing  among  themselves,  as  He 
is  One  with  the  Father. 

And  with  this  dear  hope  I  impart  to  you  from  the 
depths  of  my  heart  the  Apostolic  Benediction. 


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